Spanish has a whole separate set of verb endings -- the subjunctive -- reserved for sentences that aren't simply stating a fact. It shows up after wishes, doubts, emotions, recommendations, and impersonal judgments, almost always triggered by a specific word or phrase earlier in the sentence. Learn the triggers and the mood mostly takes care of itself.

The short version

Indicative states what's real. Subjunctive shows up the moment a sentence expresses a wish, a doubt, an emotion, or an attempt to influence someone else.

Indicative

Stating what's real or certain

creo quees verdad quesé queestoy seguro de que
Creo que viene.
I think he's coming.
A belief stated as fact, not doubt
Sé que tiene razón.
I know she's right.
Certainty

Subjunctive

Triggered by wishes, doubts, emotions, and influence

quiero queespero quedudo quees importante queojalá
Quiero que vengas.
I want you to come.
One subject wants something from another
Dudo que sea verdad.
I doubt it's true.
Doubt triggers subjunctive
Es importante que estudies.
It's important that you study.
Impersonal expressions of necessity

Creo que tiene razón, pero no creo que sea fácil.

I think she's right, but I don't think it'll be easy.

Creer que triggers the indicative when it states a belief, but no creer que flips to subjunctive -- denying certainty is itself a kind of doubt.

Ready to test yourself?

Take the quiz and see if you can spot the triggers that call for the subjunctive.